Russian physicists from VNIIFTRI SINP MSU and ITEP studied the acoustic effects from entry bunch of electrons in a substance. Interest in him is linked with the possibility of acoustic detection of ultrahigh-energy cosmic neutrinos.
Neutrino – trudnoulovimye most of the known elementary particles. Neutrino detectors (often called neutrino telescopes) are the big tanks of water (or ice, for example, IceCube in Antarctica), in which the many “electronic eyes” – photomultiplier. These detectors are so deep under the ground (under water, under the Antarctic ice), that no other particles, except neutrinos, they can not reach.

The vast majority of neutrinos pass a detector thoroughly, leaving no trace, and only rarely are they the same? Face? on matter, it turns into electrons. If the original neutrinos possess great energy, this electron generates electromagnetic downpour – the flow of electrons and positrons lesser energy. When driving through water, they are due to Cherenkov radiation, provides a flash of light, which registers and photomultiplier. After processing the data from all photomultiplier can restore full brightness of the flash, hence the total energy of a downpour, and the mean energy of the original neutrino.

This method of “catch” neutrinos have long-established and well-proven, but it has one major drawback (as with most experiments on registration of elementary particles): it uses very expensive equipment. Therefore, it would be interesting to find a different, simpler and cheaper way to record and evaluate their neutrino characteristics.

Some time ago there was an idea that could help in this … sound beams of elementary particles during their movement through the material. This idea immediately gained many supporters (see bibliography on acoustic detection of neutrinos, a thesis on the topic pages and projects SAUND and ACORNE, which will be implemented this idea).

Indeed, appeared suddenly in the water and high-energy electrons generated by electromagnetic downpour they not only lead to ionization and radiation, but also caused a sharp point on the water? Attack inside?. As it was predicted even a half-century ago, the Soviet physicist Gurgenom Askaryanom (Gurgen_Askaryan), this attack is a short sound in kilogertsevom range, which means that it can register a conventional hydrophone, which was done a couple of decades later (though in these experiments were used proton beams).

To use this effect in neutrino telescopes alone the knowledge that the “flying neutrinos,” is not enough. Preferably, for example, find out how “sound” of electrons depends on the neutrino energy and direction of its arrival. In other words, the need for a systematic study of acoustic effects with the passage of electron bunches through the water.

Researchers from the Research Institute of Nuclear Physics. DV Skobeltsyna (SINP MSU), the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. AI Alikhanova (ITEP) and the All-Russia Research Institute of Physical-Technical and Radio Engineering Measurements (VNIIFTRI) that, in the village near Moscow Mendeleevo, took up this challenge. Their initial results are described in a recent e-print physics/0610241. Physics conducted a simple experiment: water-bombing cell clot and studied the electronic dissemination of the chamber erupted in sound waves. Electronic clots contain approximately 1011 particles with an energy of 50 MeV in the particle and simulated a well-developed electromagnetic shower, which could arise from the ultrahigh-energy neutrinos coming to us from deep space.

It was found that the electron beam enters the water, produces a sound – or rather, a click – in two stages: immediately at the site entrance on Wednesday and then along its trajectory. As a result, the sound vibrations constitute the imposition of hemispherical waves, going from the wall at the site entrance beam, and cylindrical waves, divergent from the channel through which it passed. Using the analogy of electrodynamics, one can say that the click was able to decompose into two components: transitional acoustic radiation at the entrance of air into the water and its own radiation electron bunch when it moves in the water. The authors note that the imposition of these sound waves leads to an interesting acoustic interference effects, and plan to study them in detail.

The next step after being subjected to the methodology should be checking how the “e-click” change with the change of energy and the number of electrons. If the unique relationship between these variables is proved, then physics, working on the neutrino telescopes will be available to new, much cheaper method of studying neutrinos. However, remember that it can help only if the registration is very high-energy neutrinos.

Warmth without batteries, electric heaters and gas: Chelyabinsk, scientists have invented a new way of heating. Infrared film is one hour heats the room by ten degrees. This new technology is cheaper than conventional batteries at least threefold. The first innovation in a school of the village tried Vitamin Sosnovsky area.

Nicholas Epishkov, head of Science and Technology Center CHGAU, explains: “It has a current system heats up. A special screen heats the entire plane, and the wall is becoming hot.” Long strips of aluminum foil and steel strings. On view – normal film, but in reality – the world opened in the area of heating. The invention of scientists agroinzhenernogo Chelyabinsk State University has received recognition at the international exhibition of high technologies. Now try to innovation in practice.

In the village of Vitamin malokomplektnoy school classes begin. The windows do not frost. Kids sit without shubok and mittens. Even in the corridor – plus twenty degrees. Learn parts of speech, and carefully remove the letters the children now do not interfere. Katya Yakovleva, Vitamin village school student, says: “Before we came to school and грели hands on the pipes. And then we made the heat and learn to become warmer.”

Silver ceiling – this is a unique invention. Waters is not afraid, short-circuiting is possible. Duration of work, at least – three hundred years. Yes, and electricity consumes three times less than any other system. In addition, the infrared elements of the air does not warm themselves, and objects: walls, floor, desks.

Sergei Glukhov, deputy head of Science and Technology Center CHGAU, said: “Operating costs are reduced to zero. There is no need to paint the pipe, do not need insulation, repair, change the details. You installed it, closed the decor and forgot about it. Regulate the temperature by means of open fortochki or doors do not need to. The system monitors a special counter. empty space will not be warmed, and the system switches to default mode. Shil’nikov Alexander, head of the production of scientific and technical center CHGAU, Night temperature Connect the heating when the temperature drops to 12 ° C night. Reported “Chelyabinsk.