Category : Applied Physics
Russian physicists from VNIIFTRI SINP MSU and ITEP studied the acoustic effects from entry bunch of electrons in a substance. Interest in him is linked with the possibility of acoustic detection of ultrahigh-energy cosmic neutrinos.
Neutrino – trudnoulovimye most of the known elementary particles. Neutrino detectors (often called neutrino telescopes) are the big tanks of water (or ice, for example, IceCube in Antarctica), in which the many “electronic eyes” – photomultiplier. These detectors are so deep under the ground (under water, under the Antarctic ice), that no other particles, except neutrinos, they can not reach.
The vast majority of neutrinos pass a detector thoroughly, leaving no trace, and only rarely are they the same? Face? on matter, it turns into electrons. If the original neutrinos possess great energy, this electron generates electromagnetic downpour – the flow of electrons and positrons lesser energy. When driving through water, they are due to Cherenkov radiation, provides a flash of light, which registers and photomultiplier. After processing the data from all photomultiplier can restore full brightness of the flash, hence the total energy of a downpour, and the mean energy of the original neutrino.
This method of “catch” neutrinos have long-established and well-proven, but it has one major drawback (as with most experiments on registration of elementary particles): it uses very expensive equipment. Therefore, it would be interesting to find a different, simpler and cheaper way to record and evaluate their neutrino characteristics.
Scientists from the Low Temperature Laboratory of Helsinki University of Technology investigated the heat transfer between two small metal samples, coupled superconductor. They found that at very low temperatures heat is distributed via electromagnetic radiation, reported EurekAlert.
Dr. Matthias Bags (Matthias Meschke), prof. Jukka Pekola (Jukka Pekola) and their colleagues studied the spread of heat in the micro-devices and nanorazmera based on conventional silicon chips, at a temperature of 0.1 degrees above absolute zero. During the study, scientists found that at very low temperatures heat is distributed through the superconductor through the electromagnetic radiation. At the same coefficient of thermal conductivity can only accept a strictly defined quantum values.
Lianksing Wen (Lianxing Wen) from the New York University (State University of New York at Stony Brook) showed that the internal radius of the solid core of Earth grew over a decade for one – one and a half kilometers (0,98 – 1,75 km), at least in one area – under the central Africa. The basis for such finding were data from two earthquakes in 1993 and 2003 in the area of the South Sandwich Islands.
It turned out that the seismic waves generated by earthquakes and reflected from the surface of inner core in 2003, reached the three seismic stations in Russia and Kyrgyzstan on 39 – 70 milliseconds faster than in 1993.
This suggests a local increase in the radius of inner core in the area, located midway between the epicenter of the earthquake and seismic stations, which is under central Africa. It is believed that the growth of inner core occurs due to hardening of internal layers of the molten outer core.
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